Propagate and Refresh DNS Cache Faster宣傳和刷新DNS緩存更快

When moving web host to another hosting service’s server or changing the server’s IP address, one of the important consideration to ensure to continue availability of the websites hosted on the server, minimize the downtime of the web sites, avoid weird problems such as emails get delivered to either server randomly, or browsing at old server, is how fast DNS (Domain Name System) will be able to translate or resolve hostname or domain name into your new IP address, instead of the old IP destination.搬家時的網頁主機到另一主機服務的服務器或改變服務器的IP地址,其中一個重要的考慮,以確保繼續提供網站主辦,在服務器上,最大限度地減少停機時間的網站,避免怪異的問題,例如作為獲得電子郵件傳送到任何服務器隨機,或瀏覽在舊服務器上,是如何快速的DNS ( Domain Name系統)將能夠翻譯或解析主機名或域名到您的新的IP地址,而不是舊的IP目的地。 Unfortunately, webmasters have limited ability to control or override the DNS propagation process.不幸的是,網站管理員的能力有限,以控制或凌駕的DNS的傳播過程。 Nonetheless, there are still some tips, tricks and workarounds that ensure DNS cache will reflect the new IP addresses as soon as possible.儘管如此,仍然有一些提示,技巧和變通,確保DNS緩存將反映新的IP地址,盡快落實。

DNS works in such as a way that when a request for IP address received by DNS resolver, it will then query the root servers to find the authoritative server with detailed knowledge of the particular domain name. DNS的工程,在這樣的一種方式,當一個請求的IP地址所收到的DNS解析器,它將然後查詢根服務器找到權威的服務器的詳細知識,特定的網域名稱。 If a valid IP address for the domain is returned by the authoritative server, the DNS resolver will cache the DNS resolution for a given period of time known as TTL (Time To Live) after a successful answer, in what known as DNS caching in order to reduce the load on particular DNS server.如果一個有效的IP地址為域是經由權威服務器, DNS解析器將緩存DNS解析為某一特定的時間內被稱為的TTL (生存時間)後,一個成功的答案,在什麼稱為DNS緩存,以便以減少負荷對特定的DNS伺服器。 DNS caching allows resolution of domain name to IP to take place locally using the cached information instead of querying the remote server for subsequent requests, until the TTL duration expires. DNS緩存允許的決議域名到IP的地方,採取在當地使用緩存信息而不是質疑遠程服務器,為隨後的請求,直到期限屆滿的TTL 。

The Time-To-Live (TTL) timer is the trick to ensure that the DNS cache expires quickly and always stays fresh.的時間到居住期( TTL )計時器的伎倆,以確保DNS緩存過期很快,始終保持新鮮。 TTL is defined by domain administrator in the authoritative DNS server for the zone where data originates, and its values instruct DNS caching resolvers to expire and discard the DNS records after TTL seconds.的TTL是指由域管理員在權威的DNS伺服器的區域內數據來源於,和自己的價值觀念,指示DNS緩存解析器屆滿,並捨棄的DNS記錄後的TTL秒。 Lowering the TTL value will enable rapid expiration and refreshing of DNS records, causing the new records to propagate faster across the world.降低TTL值,將可快速到期清新的DNS記錄,造成新的紀錄,以更快的傳播世界各地。 However, the trick needs the name resolvers follow the RFC standards, which most do.不過,伎倆需要的名稱解析器遵循RFC標準,其中大部分做的。 Beside, you must have full control to modify the name server authoritative for your domains.旁邊,你必須有充分的控制,修改名稱服務器的權威為您的網域。

The tweaking of TTL in DNS records must be done a few days before it’s about to change (date of server moving or IP change) to ensure that all DNS caching resolvers receives the new TTL value and expires the old longer value.該調整的的TTL在DNS記錄必須做的前幾天,它的即將改變(日期服務器的IP移動或變更) ,以確保所有DNS緩存解析器收到新的TTL值和過期的舊更長的價值。 The trick will reduce the TTL in anticipation of the change to minimize inconsistency during the change, according to把戲,將減少的TTL在預期的變化,以盡量減少不一致期間的變化,根據 RCF 1034 1034年區域合作框架 .

TTL is defined by Minimum field in SOA (Start of Authority) type as default TTL, or individually at each record as TTL.是的TTL所界定的最低場在SOA (起始授權機構)的類型為默認的TTL ,或單獨在每個記錄的TTL 。 RCF 1912 1912年區域合作框架 describes the Minimum field in details as below:描述的最低場的細節如下:

Minimum: The default TTL (time-to-live) for resource records (RR) — how long data will remain in other nameservers’ cache.最低:默認的TTL (時間到現場)資源記錄( RR )的-如何長期的數據將繼續留在其他的服務器'緩存。 ([ ( [ RFC 1035符合RFC 1035 ] defines this to be the minimum value, but servers seem to always implement this as the default value) This is by far the most important timer. ]的定義,這是最低的價值,但服務器似乎始終貫徹落實,以此作為默認值) ,這是迄今為止,最重要的計時器。 Set this as large as is comfortable given how often you update your nameserver.設定這個大是舒適,鑑於您有多常更新您的名稱伺服器。 If you plan to make major changes, it’sa good idea to turn this value down temporarily beforehand.如果您計劃作出的重大變化,這是個好主意,把這個值暫時事前。 Then wait the previous minimum value, make your changes, verify their correctness, and turn this value back up.然後等待前的最低值,使您的變更,驗證其正確性,並把這種價值備份。 1-5 days are typical values. 5天內,是典型的價值觀。 Remember this value can be overridden on individual resource records.記住這個值可以凌駕對個別資源記錄。

If you’re using a web-based or graphical user interface to manage your domain’s DNS records, then login to the system, and edit the SOA records.如果您使用基於Web或圖形用戶界面,來管理您的域名的DNS記錄,然後登錄到系統,並修改國家海洋局紀錄。 Inside you will see a field named Minimum , modify the value to as low as possible (in seconds), such as 300 for timeout every 5 minutes.內,您會看到一個名為外地最低 ,修改該值,以盡可能低的(以秒計) ,如300超時每5分鐘。 Then modify the TTL for all of the A, MX, CNAME, TXT, SOA, PTR and other records, if applicable.然後修改的TTL所有的一,的MX ,的CNAME , txt文件,國家海洋局, PTR和其他記錄,如適用。

If you are using cPanel WebHost Manager (WHM), login and choose Edit DNS Zone under DNS Functions section.如果您正在使用的cPanel網頁主機服務經理(的WHM ) ,登錄,並選擇編輯DNS區域下的DNS功能一節。 Select the applicable zone (domain name).選擇適用的區(網域名稱) 。 You will be presented with a list of records.您將提交一份清單,記錄。 Modify the minimum ttl in SOA, and TTL column of A, MX, CNAME and other records defined.修改最低的TTL在國家海洋局,和TTL欄1 ,的MX , CNAME和其他記錄的定義。

For those manually configure the authoritative nameserver for a domain zone using BIND, modification has to be done in the zone file.對於那些手動配置的權威域名服務器為域區域使用的約束,修改要做到在開發區內的檔案。 For example, so domain zone example.com, you will see the following resource records in the zone file:舉例來說,使區域example.com ,而您會看到下面的資源記錄在開發區內的檔案:

 ; zone 'example.com' $TTL 14400 @     IN     SOA     ns1.example.com. ;區' example.com ' 元的TTL 14400 @在SOA ns1.example.com 。 host.example.com. host.example.com 。 ( 2007080501      ; Serial 10800           ; Refresh 3 hours 3600            ; Retry 1 hour 604800          ; Expire 1 week 86400          ); Minimum 24 hours @                       NS      ns1.example.com. ( 2007080501 ;串行10800 ;刷新3個小時的3600 ;重試1小時604800 ;屆滿一周86400 ) ;最低24小時的NS @ ns1.example.com 。 @                       NS      ns2.example.com. @生理鹽水ns2.example.com 。 @                       A       192.168.0.1 @                       MX     10 mail.example.com. @一192.168.0.1 @的MX 10 mail.example.com 。 ; nameservers ns1                     A       192.168.0.11 ns2                     A       192.168.0.12 ; mail servers mail                    A       192.168.0.10 ; web server www                     CNAME   example.com. ;域名服務器ns1 1 192.168.0.11 NS2的一192.168.0.12 ;郵件服務器的郵件一192.168.0.10 ; Web服務器的WWW的CNAME example.com 。 

Now change the $TTL 14400 with the value you want (in seconds), such as 300 (5 minutes).現在改變的TTL 14400元,與您想要的價值(以秒計) ,如300 ( 5分鐘) 。 This value defines the default TTL of all existing records, and by lowering this value to 300 (for example, you can choose your won value), caching server will be hold this records for more than 5 minutes before querying the authoritative name server which will be the first to reflect the new IP address when change later on again.此值定義默認的TTL現有的所有記錄,並通過降低此值至300 (例如,您可以選擇韓元升值) ,緩存服務器將舉行本的紀錄,超過5分鐘前,質疑權威名稱服務器將成為第一位以反映新的IP地址時,改變後,再啟動。 Another value that you should change is minimum TTL, the last line of SOA type (remarked as minimum 24 hours).另一種價值,您應該改變是最低的TTL ,最後一行的SOA類型(說過,最低24小時) 。

After change, your DNS zone file will probably looks like this:後的變化,您的DNS區域文件可能會看起來像這樣:

 ; zone 'example.com' $TTL 300  @     IN     SOA     ns1.example.com. ;區' example.com ' $ 300的TTL @在SOA ns1.example.com 。 host.example.com. host.example.com 。 ( 2007080501      ; Serial 10800           ; Refresh 3 hours 3600            ; Retry 1 hour 604800          ; Expire 1 week 300            ); Minimum 24 hours  @                       NS      ns1.example.com. ( 2007080501 ;串行10800 ;刷新3個小時的3600 ;重試1小時604800 ;屆滿一周300 ) ;最低24小時的NS @ ns1.example.com 。 @                       NS      ns2.example.com. @生理鹽水ns2.example.com 。 @                       A       192.168.0.1 @                       MX     10 mail.example.com. @一192.168.0.1 @的MX 10 mail.example.com 。 ; nameservers ns1                     A       192.168.0.11 ns2                     A       192.168.0.12 ; mail servers mail                    A       192.168.0.10 ; web server www                     CNAME   example.com. ;域名服務器ns1 1 192.168.0.11 NS2的一192.168.0.12 ;郵件服務器的郵件一192.168.0.10 ; Web服務器的WWW的CNAME example.com 。 

Restart the DNS service.重新啟動DNS服務。 The new TTL value will propagate to other DNS nameserver.新的TTL值會傳播到其他DNS域名服務器。 This process typically takes 48 hours to 72 hours (hence the need to reduce TTL to try to make it faster when changing the critical A and MX records).這一過程通常需要48小時至72小時(因此,有必要減少的TTL設法使它更快時,改變的關鍵一和MX記錄) 。 After waiting for a few days, move your websites to new server or change the IP address, and then update the DNS records to point to the new server or IP.後等待了幾天,提出你的網站,新的服務器或更改IP地址,然後更新DNS記錄指向新的服務器或IP 。

Once done, you can now revert back the TTL values to reduce the load on your DNS server.一旦這樣做,你現在可以回复該TTL值,以減少負荷對您的DNS伺服器。

IMPORTANT : This is a machine translated page which is provided "as is" without warranty. 重要說明 :這是一個機器翻譯網頁是“按原樣”提供的擔保。 Machine translation may be difficult to understand.機器翻譯可能很難理解。 Please refer to請參閱 original English article原來的英語文章 whenever possible.只要有可能。

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