Propagate and Refresh DNS Cache Faster宣传和刷新DNS缓存更快

When moving web host to another hosting service’s server or changing the server’s IP address, one of the important consideration to ensure to continue availability of the websites hosted on the server, minimize the downtime of the web sites, avoid weird problems such as emails get delivered to either server randomly, or browsing at old server, is how fast DNS (Domain Name System) will be able to translate or resolve hostname or domain name into your new IP address, instead of the old IP destination.搬家时的网页主机到另一主机服务的服务器或改变服务器的IP地址,其中一个重要的考虑,以确保继续提供网站主办,在服务器上,最大限度地减少停机时间的网站,避免怪异的问题,例如作为获得电子邮件传送到任何服务器随机,或浏览在旧服务器上,是如何快速的DNS ( Domain Name系统)将能够翻译或解析主机名或域名到您的新的IP地址,而不是旧的IP目的地。 Unfortunately, webmasters have limited ability to control or override the DNS propagation process.不幸的是,网站管理员的能力有限,以控制或凌驾的DNS的传播过程。 Nonetheless, there are still some tips, tricks and workarounds that ensure DNS cache will reflect the new IP addresses as soon as possible.尽管如此,仍然有一些提示,技巧和变通,确保DNS缓存将反映新的IP地址,尽快落实。

DNS works in such as a way that when a request for IP address received by DNS resolver, it will then query the root servers to find the authoritative server with detailed knowledge of the particular domain name. DNS的工程,在这样的一种方式,当一个请求的IP地址所收到的DNS解析器,它将然后查询根服务器找到权威的服务器的详细知识,特定的网域名称。 If a valid IP address for the domain is returned by the authoritative server, the DNS resolver will cache the DNS resolution for a given period of time known as TTL (Time To Live) after a successful answer, in what known as DNS caching in order to reduce the load on particular DNS server.如果一个有效的IP地址为域是经由权威服务器, DNS解析器将缓存DNS解析为某一特定的时间内被称为的TTL (生存时间)后,一个成功的答案,在什么称为DNS缓存,以便以减少负荷对特定的DNS伺服器。 DNS caching allows resolution of domain name to IP to take place locally using the cached information instead of querying the remote server for subsequent requests, until the TTL duration expires. DNS缓存允许的决议域名到IP的地方,采取在当地使用缓存信息而不是质疑远程服务器,为随后的请求,直到期限届满的TTL 。

The Time-To-Live (TTL) timer is the trick to ensure that the DNS cache expires quickly and always stays fresh.的时间到居住期( TTL )计时器的伎俩,以确保DNS缓存过期很快,始终保持新鲜。 TTL is defined by domain administrator in the authoritative DNS server for the zone where data originates, and its values instruct DNS caching resolvers to expire and discard the DNS records after TTL seconds.的TTL是指由域管理员在权威的DNS伺服器的区域内数据来源于,和自己的价值观念,指示DNS缓存解析器届满,并舍弃的DNS记录后的TTL秒。 Lowering the TTL value will enable rapid expiration and refreshing of DNS records, causing the new records to propagate faster across the world.降低TTL值,将可快速到期清新的DNS记录,造成新的纪录,以更快的传播世界各地。 However, the trick needs the name resolvers follow the RFC standards, which most do.不过,伎俩需要的名称解析器遵循RFC标准,其中大部分做的。 Beside, you must have full control to modify the name server authoritative for your domains.旁边,你必须有充分的控制,修改名称服务器的权威为您的网域。

The tweaking of TTL in DNS records must be done a few days before it’s about to change (date of server moving or IP change) to ensure that all DNS caching resolvers receives the new TTL value and expires the old longer value.该调整的的TTL在DNS记录必须做的前几天,它的即将改变(日期服务器的IP移动或变更) ,以确保所有DNS缓存解析器收到新的TTL值和过期的旧更长的价值。 The trick will reduce the TTL in anticipation of the change to minimize inconsistency during the change, according to把戏,将减少的TTL在预期的变化,以尽量减少不一致期间的变化,根据 RCF 1034 1034年区域合作框架 .

TTL is defined by Minimum field in SOA (Start of Authority) type as default TTL, or individually at each record as TTL.是的TTL所界定的最低场在SOA (起始授权机构)的类型为默认的TTL ,或单独在每个记录的TTL 。 RCF 1912 1912年区域合作框架 describes the Minimum field in details as below:描述的最低场的细节如下:

Minimum: The default TTL (time-to-live) for resource records (RR) — how long data will remain in other nameservers’ cache.最低:默认的TTL (时间到现场)资源记录( RR )的-如何长期的数据将继续留在其他的服务器'缓存。 ([ ( [ RFC 1035符合RFC 1035 ] defines this to be the minimum value, but servers seem to always implement this as the default value) This is by far the most important timer. ]的定义,这是最低的价值,但服务器似乎始终贯彻落实,以此作为默认值) ,这是迄今为止,最重要的计时器。 Set this as large as is comfortable given how often you update your nameserver.设定这个大是舒适,鉴于您有多常更新您的名称伺服器。 If you plan to make major changes, it’sa good idea to turn this value down temporarily beforehand.如果您计划作出的重大变化,这是个好主意,把这个值暂时事前。 Then wait the previous minimum value, make your changes, verify their correctness, and turn this value back up.然后等待前的最低值,使您的变更,验证其正确性,并把这种价值备份。 1-5 days are typical values. 5天内,是典型的价值观。 Remember this value can be overridden on individual resource records.记住这个值可以凌驾对个别资源记录。

If you’re using a web-based or graphical user interface to manage your domain’s DNS records, then login to the system, and edit the SOA records.如果您使用基于Web或图形用户界面,来管理您的域名的DNS记录,然后登录到系统,并修改国家海洋局纪录。 Inside you will see a field named Minimum , modify the value to as low as possible (in seconds), such as 300 for timeout every 5 minutes.内,您会看到一个名为外地最低 ,修改该值,以尽可能低的(以秒计) ,如300超时每5分钟。 Then modify the TTL for all of the A, MX, CNAME, TXT, SOA, PTR and other records, if applicable.然后修改的TTL所有的一,的MX ,的CNAME , txt文件,国家海洋局, PTR和其他记录,如适用。

If you are using cPanel WebHost Manager (WHM), login and choose Edit DNS Zone under DNS Functions section.如果您正在使用的cPanel网页主机服务经理(的WHM ) ,登录,并选择编辑DNS区域下的DNS功能一节。 Select the applicable zone (domain name).选择适用的区(网域名称) 。 You will be presented with a list of records.您将提交一份清单,记录。 Modify the minimum ttl in SOA, and TTL column of A, MX, CNAME and other records defined.修改最低的TTL在国家海洋局,和TTL栏1 ,的MX , CNAME和其他记录的定义。

For those manually configure the authoritative nameserver for a domain zone using BIND, modification has to be done in the zone file.对于那些手动配置的权威域名服务器为域区域使用的约束,修改要做到在开发区内的档案。 For example, so domain zone example.com, you will see the following resource records in the zone file:举例来说,使区域example.com ,而您会看到下面的资源记录在开发区内的档案:

 ; zone 'example.com' $TTL 14400 @     IN     SOA     ns1.example.com. ;区' example.com ' 元的TTL 14400 @在SOA ns1.example.com 。 host.example.com. host.example.com 。 ( 2007080501      ; Serial 10800           ; Refresh 3 hours 3600            ; Retry 1 hour 604800          ; Expire 1 week 86400          ); Minimum 24 hours @                       NS      ns1.example.com. ( 2007080501 ;串行10800 ;刷新3个小时的3600 ;重试1小时604800 ;届满一周86400 ) ;最低24小时的NS @ ns1.example.com 。 @                       NS      ns2.example.com. @生理盐水ns2.example.com 。 @                       A       192.168.0.1 @                       MX     10 mail.example.com. @一192.168.0.1 @的MX 10 mail.example.com 。 ; nameservers ns1                     A       192.168.0.11 ns2                     A       192.168.0.12 ; mail servers mail                    A       192.168.0.10 ; web server www                     CNAME   example.com. ;域名服务器ns1 1 192.168.0.11 NS2的一192.168.0.12 ;邮件服务器的邮件一192.168.0.10 ; Web服务器的WWW的CNAME example.com 。 

Now change the $TTL 14400 with the value you want (in seconds), such as 300 (5 minutes).现在改变的TTL 14400元,与您想要的价值(以秒计) ,如300 ( 5分钟) 。 This value defines the default TTL of all existing records, and by lowering this value to 300 (for example, you can choose your won value), caching server will be hold this records for more than 5 minutes before querying the authoritative name server which will be the first to reflect the new IP address when change later on again.此值定义默认的TTL现有的所有记录,并通过降低此值至300 (例如,您可以选择韩元升值) ,缓存服务器将举行本的纪录,超过5分钟前,质疑权威名称服务器将成为第一位以反映新的IP地址时,改变后,再启动。 Another value that you should change is minimum TTL, the last line of SOA type (remarked as minimum 24 hours).另一种价值,您应该改变是最低的TTL ,最后一行的SOA类型(说过,最低24小时) 。

After change, your DNS zone file will probably looks like this:后的变化,您的DNS区域文件可能会看起来像这样:

 ; zone 'example.com' $TTL 300  @     IN     SOA     ns1.example.com. ;区' example.com ' $ 300的TTL @在SOA ns1.example.com 。 host.example.com. host.example.com 。 ( 2007080501      ; Serial 10800           ; Refresh 3 hours 3600            ; Retry 1 hour 604800          ; Expire 1 week 300            ); Minimum 24 hours  @                       NS      ns1.example.com. ( 2007080501 ;串行10800 ;刷新3个小时的3600 ;重试1小时604800 ;届满一周300 ) ;最低24小时的NS @ ns1.example.com 。 @                       NS      ns2.example.com. @生理盐水ns2.example.com 。 @                       A       192.168.0.1 @                       MX     10 mail.example.com. @一192.168.0.1 @的MX 10 mail.example.com 。 ; nameservers ns1                     A       192.168.0.11 ns2                     A       192.168.0.12 ; mail servers mail                    A       192.168.0.10 ; web server www                     CNAME   example.com. ;域名服务器ns1 1 192.168.0.11 NS2的一192.168.0.12 ;邮件服务器的邮件一192.168.0.10 ; Web服务器的WWW的CNAME example.com 。 

Restart the DNS service.重新启动DNS服务。 The new TTL value will propagate to other DNS nameserver.新的TTL值会传播到其他DNS域名服务器。 This process typically takes 48 hours to 72 hours (hence the need to reduce TTL to try to make it faster when changing the critical A and MX records).这一过程通常需要48小时至72小时(因此,有必要减少的TTL设法使它更快时,改变的关键一和MX记录) 。 After waiting for a few days, move your websites to new server or change the IP address, and then update the DNS records to point to the new server or IP.后等待了几天,提出你的网站,新的服务器或更改IP地址,然后更新DNS记录指向新的服务器或IP 。

Once done, you can now revert back the TTL values to reduce the load on your DNS server.一旦这样做,你现在可以回复该TTL值,以减少负荷对您的DNS伺服器。

IMPORTANT : This is a machine translated page which is provided "as is" without warranty. 重要说明 :这是一个机器翻译网页是“按原样”提供的担保。 Machine translation may be difficult to understand.机器翻译可能很难理解。 Please refer to请参阅 original English article英文原版的文章 whenever possible.只要有可能。

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