安装的和配置的DHCP服务器(DHCPd)在FreeBSD

DHCP，主机动态配置协议，描述系统可能连接到网络并且得到必要的信息为通信在那个网络的手段。

当dhclient， DHCP客户，在客户端，它被执行开始播放要求配置信息。 默认情况下，这些请求在UDP口岸68。 服务器在UDP 67回复，给客户IP地址和其他相关的网络信息例如netmask、路由器和DNS服务器。 以DHCP的形式，所有这信息来？租约？ 并且只是有效在有些时间内(配置由DHCP服务器维护员)。 如此，陈旧的IP地址为客户不再被联络到网络可以自动地被索还。

DHCP服务器(或DHCPd)作为FreeBSD一部分，是提供DHCP客户信息它需要，并且它是随员的服务器部分没有提供，并且的服务器，因此它需要从提供这项服务的网或isc dhcp3服务器口岸安装。

FreeBSD来以ISC DHCP，并且它来与FreeBSD，当口岸网或isc dhcp3服务器。

要安装它，改变到口岸网或isc dhcp3服务器目录并且执行以下命令：

#做安装干净

使用配置文件配置DHCPd，通常dhcpd.conf位于/usr/local/etc目录。 通常有是的例子配置文件 dhcpd.conf.example 在目录。 拷贝 dhcpd.conf.example dhcpd.conf 或创造一新 dhcpd.conf 在继续之前做变动在DHCP服务器。

或许dhcpd.conf包括声明关于子网和主人和使用例子最容易地解释：

选择域名“example.com”; (1)
选择领域名字服务器192.168.4.100; (2)
选择子网掩码255.255.255.0; (3)

默认出租时间3600; (4)
最大出租时间86400; (5)
ddns更新样式无; (6)

子网192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
范围192.168.4.129 192.168.4.254; (7)
选择路由器192.168.4.1; (8)
}

主人mailhost {
硬件以太网02:03 ：04 ：05 ：06 ：07; (9)
固定演讲mailhost.example.com; (10)
}

(1)这个选择指定将提供给客户的领域，因为缺省查寻领域。
(2)这个选择指定客户应该使用的DNS服务器逗号被分离的名单。
(3)将提供给客户的netmask。
(4)客户也许请求租约将是合法的一个具体时间。 否则服务器将分配一份租约以这终止价值(在几秒钟内)。
(5)这是服务器将出租的最大时间。 如果客户请求长期租赁，将发布租约，虽然它只将是有效在最大出租时间秒钟内。
(6) This option specifies whether the DHCP server should attempt to update DNS when a lease is accepted or released. In the ISC implementation, this option is required.
(7) This denotes which IP addresses should be used in the pool reserved for allocating to clients. IP addresses between, and including, the ones stated are handed out to clients.
(8) Declares the default gateway that will be provided to clients.
(9) The hardware MAC address of a host (so that the DHCP server can recognize a host when it makes a request).
(10) Specifies that the host should always be given the same IP address. Note that using a hostname is correct here, since the DHCP server will resolve the hostname itself before returning the lease information.

Once you have finished writing your dhcpd.conf, you can proceed to start the server by issuing the following command:

# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/isc-dhcpd.sh start

Should you need to make changes to the configuration of your server in the future, it is important to note that sending a SIGHUP signal to dhcpd does not result in the configuration being reloaded, as it does with most daemons. A SIGTERM signal to stop the process, and then restart it using the command above. For example:

# ps wax | grep dhcpd
pid of dhcpd will be shown

# kill -15 (pid of dhcpd)

IMPORTANT: This is a machine translated page which is provided "as is" without warranty. Machine translation may be difficult to understand. Please refer to original English article whenever possible.

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